A patent needs novelty, and novelty is lost the first time an invention is made public — in a pitch deck, a conference talk or a helpful blog post.

Registering a company name or a domain gives you no trade mark rights at all. The first time most founders learn that is in a letter from someone who does have them.

Code written by employees usually belongs to the company. Code written by contractors, agencies and founders before incorporation usually does not — until someone signs the right piece of paper.

An infringement letter is designed to make you move quickly. The right response is to move carefully — and there are three things to check before anyone replies.

A medicine can spend a decade in development before it is sold, eating into its patent term. Supplementary protection certificates give some of that time back — if you apply on time.

Scraped, licensed or bought — the provenance of training data is now the first question investors, customers and regulators ask about any AI product.